Nevertheless, I, Jay Jaeckel, hereby certify that this transcript, as shown here, substantially and correctly shows what actually happened.
Log in.
Start a terminal window.
This entire procedure is done at the root (super-user).
First, before creating anything new, we examine what we have
so far:
jay@drizzle:/home/jay $ su - Password: root@drizzle:/root # date Sat Feb 19 01:08:28 PST 2011 root@drizzle:/root # df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 9835552 3856272 5479664 42% / tmpfs 365644 0 365644 0% /lib/init/rw udev 10240 660 9580 7% /dev tmpfs 365644 0 365644 0% /dev/shm root@drizzle:/root # cat /etc/fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # #proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/sda1 / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/sda5 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/hdc /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto 0 0 root@drizzle:/root # mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) procbususb on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) none on /proc/fs/vmblock/mountPoint type vmblock (rw)
fdisk shows that the new disk /dev/sdb is visible, and it’s geometry is known, but there are no partitions yet:
root@drizzle:/root # fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0006e7e2 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 1244 9992398+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1245 1305 489982+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1245 1305 489951 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
I am doing the entire partitioning with fdisk rather that cfdisk so I can have the following transcript of the entire session. That’s not so easy to do with cfdisk.
root@drizzle:/root # fdisk /dev/sdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x3fe1592b. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)
Begin the process of creating a new partition here:
Note that, unlike cfdisk, we can create BOTH partitions and
tweak them as desired, BEFORE writing the partition table out.
In cfdisk it seems you have to create one partition, then write it,
then create the next partition and write it.
Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-261, default 1): 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-261, default 261): 130
I chose last cylinder of 130 because that appears to be about half the total disk size of 261 cylinders.
Display the partition table so far, and change the sdb1 partition type from 83 (Linux) to 82 (swap):
Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x3fe1592b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 130 1044193+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): 82 Changed system type of partition 1 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris) Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x3fe1592b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 130 1044193+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Now repeat all the above steps, more or less, to create the second partition on this disk:
Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 2 First cylinder (131-261, default 131): 131 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (131-261, default 261): 261 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x3fe1592b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 130 1044193+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb2 131 261 1052257+ 83 Linux
Write the partition table and exit:
Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. root@drizzle:/root # ========================================================================
The cfdisk program has options to display the partition table in a variety of different formats, including by sectors and even a raw hex dump. Here is what some of these listings look like:
root@drizzle:/root # cfdisk /dev/sdb cfdisk (util-linux-ng 2.13.1.1) Disk Drive: /dev/sdb Size: 2147483648 bytes, 2147 MB Heads: 255 Sectors per Track: 63 Cylinders: 261 Name Flags Part Type FS Type [Label] Size (MB) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sdb1 Primary Linux swap / Solaris 1069.29 sdb2 Primary Linux 1077.52
Partition table in “Table” format:
Partition Table for /dev/sdb ---Starting--- ----Ending---- Start Number of # Flags Head Sect Cyl ID Head Sect Cyl Sector Sectors -- ----- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----------- ----------- 1 0x00 1 1 0 0x82 254 63 129 63 2088387 2 0x00 0 1 130 0x83 254 63 260 2088450 2104515 3 0x00 0 0 0 0x00 0 0 0 0 0 4 0x00 0 0 0 0x00 0 0 0 0 0
Partition table in “Sector” format:
Partition Table for /dev/sdb First Last # Type Sector Sector Offset Length Filesystem Type (ID) Flag -- ------- ----------- ----------- ------ ----------- -------------------- ---- 1 Primary 0 2088449 63 2088450 Linux swap / So (82) None 2 Primary 2088450 4192964 0 2104515 Linux (83) None
Partition table in “Raw” (Hex dump) format. (Note the partition data is near the end of this.)
Disk Drive: /dev/sdb Sector 0: 0x000: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x010: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x020: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x030: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x040: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x050: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x060: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x070: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x080: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x090: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x0A0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x0B0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x0C0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x0D0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x0E0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x0F0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x100: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x110: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x120: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x130: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x140: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x150: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x160: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x170: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x180: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x190: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x1A0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x1B0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2B 59 E1 3F 00 00 00 01 0x1C0: 01 00 82 FE 3F 81 3F 00 00 00 C3 DD 1F 00 00 00 0x1D0: 01 82 83 FE 7F 04 02 DE 1F 00 C3 1C 20 00 00 00 0x1E0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x1F0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 AA
fdisk -l shows that it sees the partition information on /dev/sdb now. (Compare with the first run of fdisk -l before creating the partitions.)
root@drizzle:/root # fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0006e7e2 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 1244 9992398+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1245 1305 489982+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1245 1305 489951 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x3fe1592b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 130 1044193+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb2 131 261 1052257+ 83 Linux
Having created the partitions, now we are ready to create the ext3 file system on the second partition, /dev/sdb2
root@drizzle:/root # mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb2 mke2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 65808 inodes, 263064 blocks 13153 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=272629760 9 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 7312 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
Check on what /dev/sd* device files we have, and check what we have in /mnt – Then create the mount point directory /mnt/sdb2 and mount our new data partition there:
root@drizzle:/root # ls -al /dev/sd* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 2011-02-19 00:46 /dev/sda brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 2011-02-19 00:46 /dev/sda1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 2 2011-02-19 00:46 /dev/sda2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 5 2011-02-19 00:46 /dev/sda5 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 16 2011-02-19 01:38 /dev/sdb brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 17 2011-02-19 01:38 /dev/sdb1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 18 2011-02-19 01:54 /dev/sdb2 root@drizzle:/root # cd /mnt root@drizzle:/mnt # ls -al total 12 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2011-02-01 17:39 . drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4096 2011-01-21 10:57 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2011-02-01 17:39 hgfs root@drizzle:/mnt # mkdir sdb2 root@drizzle:/mnt # ls -al total 16 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2011-02-19 01:59 . drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4096 2011-01-21 10:57 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2011-02-01 17:39 hgfs drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2011-02-19 01:59 sdb2 root@drizzle:/mnt # mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/sdb2
Take a look at the root directory of the new file system. Note that one directory, lost+found, is already there:
root@drizzle:/mnt # cd sdb2 root@drizzle:/mnt/sdb2 # ls -al total 24 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2011-02-19 01:54 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2011-02-19 01:59 .. drwx------ 2 root root 16384 2011-02-19 01:54 lost+found root@drizzle:/mnt/sdb2 # mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) procbususb on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) none on /proc/fs/vmblock/mountPoint type vmblock (rw) /dev/sdb2 on /mnt/sdb2 type ext3 (rw) root@drizzle:/mnt/sdb2 # df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 9835552 3564988 5770948 39% / tmpfs 365644 0 365644 0% /lib/init/rw udev 10240 668 9572 7% /dev tmpfs 365644 0 365644 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdb2 1035692 34108 948972 4% /mnt/sdb2 root@drizzle:/root # vi /etc/fstab(Add the following new line for /dev/sdb2 into /etc/fstab here.)
root@drizzle:/root # cat /etc/fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # #proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/sda1 / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/sda5 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/sdb2 /mnt/sdb2 ext3 defaults 0 2 /dev/hdc /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto 0 0 root@drizzle:/root #
(At this point, I also created a file in /mnt/sdb2 called poem.txt and typed in a poem, to see if it will still be there after re-booting.)
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After re-boot, with no further action on my part, we have:
jay@drizzle:/home/jay $ df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 9835552 3565216 5770720 39% / tmpfs 365644 0 365644 0% /lib/init/rw udev 10240 668 9572 7% /dev tmpfs 365644 0 365644 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdb2 1035692 34112 948968 4% /mnt/sdb2 jay@drizzle:/home/jay $ cd /mnt/sdb2 jay@drizzle:/mnt/sdb2 $ ls -al total 28 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2011-02-19 02:15 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2011-02-19 01:59 .. drwx------ 2 root root 16384 2011-02-19 01:54 lost+found -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1017 2011-02-19 02:15 poem.txt jay@drizzle:/mnt/sdb2 $ cat poem.txt Jabberwocky by Lewis Carroll 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe: All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. "Beware the Jabberwock, by son! The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! Beware the Jub-Jub bird, and shun The frumious Bandersnatch!" He took his vorpal sword in hand, Long time the Manxome foe he sought. Then rested he by the Tum-Tum tree, And stood a while in thought. And, as in uffish thought he stood, The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame Came whiffling through the tulgey wood, And burbled as it came! One, two! One, two! And through and through The vorpal blade went snicker-snack! He left it dead, and with its head He went galumphing back! "And hast thou slain the Jabberwock? Come to my arms, my beamish boy! O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!" He chortled in this joy. 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe: All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. jay@drizzle:/mnt/sdb2 $ ==========================================================================
Now, back out in the host machine environment, examine how much space all the VM’s are using, and look at the directory containing the new virtual disk. We see that the new virtual disk is already taking up about 2.8 megabytes:
jay@frazzle: /home/jay $ du vmware 5756 vmware/dazzle/caches/GuestAppsCache/appData 36 vmware/dazzle/caches/GuestAppsCache/launchMenu 5796 vmware/dazzle/caches/GuestAppsCache 5800 vmware/dazzle/caches 4548780 vmware/dazzle 2716 vmware/com-disk-2 4876 vmware/fizzle/caches/GuestAppsCache/appData 36 vmware/fizzle/caches/GuestAppsCache/launchMenu 4916 vmware/fizzle/caches/GuestAppsCache 4920 vmware/fizzle/caches 5669940 vmware/fizzle 2044 vmware/drizzle/caches/GuestAppsCache/appData 24 vmware/drizzle/caches/GuestAppsCache/launchMenu 2072 vmware/drizzle/caches/GuestAppsCache 2076 vmware/drizzle/caches 4101164 vmware/drizzle 14322604 vmware jay@frazzle: /home/jay $ cd vmware/com-disk-2 jay@frazzle: /home/jay/vmware/com-disk-2 $ ls -al total 2720 drwxrwxrwx 2 jay jay 4096 2011-02-19 02:17 . drwxr-xr-x 6 jay jay 4096 2011-02-19 00:13 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 jay jay 2818048 2011-02-19 02:17 com-disk-2-s001.vmdk -rw-r--r-- 1 jay jay 65536 2011-02-19 02:17 com-disk-2-s002.vmdk -rw-r--r-- 1 jay jay 525 2011-02-19 01:38 com-disk-2.vmdk jay@frazzle: /home/jay/vmware/com-disk-2 $
Work remaining to do (another day):
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